While buildings are among the most visible elements of heritage landscapes, they are frequently like the tip of the proverbial iceberg, associated with vast underground archaeological deposits capable of fleshing out cultural history narratives – of both pre-contact Indigenous and post-contact Euro-Canadian occupations – in substantial detail through their careful investigation. The task of curating these finds is fulfilled by over 450 consulting archaeologists licensed under the Ontario Heritage Act by the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport.